ER2594 Welding Wire - TIG Filler Rod & MIG Wire Supplier in India

Nicorex Alloys is a Mumbai-based ISO 9001 and ISO 14001 certified importer and supplier of ER2594 super duplex stainless steel welding wire, classified under AWS A5.9 / ASME SFA-5.9.

ER2594 is a high-performance super duplex filler wire that is designed to resist extreme industrial environments while offering optimum resistance to pitting, stress corrosion cracking, and mechanical failures in harsh offshore environments. This particular solid wire is made of 25Cr-9.5Ni-4Mo-0.27N and is used to make a balanced combination of two types of metal structures. It normally has 35–55% ferrite in a stable austenite foundation. To ensure the highest metallurgical integrity, the wire is strategically over-alloyed by 2-3% in nickel and enriched with nitrogen (0.20-0.30%). This addition compensates for the nitrogen lost during the welding arc. The final weld is ensured to achieve a PREN value greater than 40, thus meeting the basic requirement for being a super duplex stainless steel. The addition of 1.0% tungsten greatly resists pitting in severe environments at high temperatures. Engineers value this filler’s 850 MPa strength, which satisfies AWS A5.9 standards. For maintaining mechanical properties in metals, it is important that heat input be limited within a range of 0.5-1.5 kJ/mm to avoid embrittlement in metals. It is important that back purging be done by using a mixture containing 2-5% nitrogen in argon.

Industry norms need 15% elongation, 758–850 MPa tensile strength, and 650 MPa yield strength. The material has a well-balanced internal microstructure with 30-60% ferrite and an average Charpy impact energy of 27 J at -46°C, making it durable in extreme cold. Industries like oil and gas, seawater, pulp and others widely utilise this alloy.

AWS Class ER2594 MIG & TIG

ER2594 Super Duplex Welding Wire Specifications

Refer to the following table for a comprehensive summary of the industrial specifications and standards governing ER2594 super duplex wire.
AWS Classification ER2594
Matching Base Metals Super Duplex 2507 (S32750), Zeron 100 (S32760), Ferralium 255 (S32550)
Welding Processes GTAW (TIG), GMAW (MIG), SAW, PAW
Polarity DCEN (TIG), DCEP (MIG)
Shielding Gas (TIG) 100% Argon, 99.995% purity minimum
Shielding Gas (MIG) Ar + 2% O2
Root Back Purge Ar + 2-5% N2 (mandatory)
TIG Diameters 1.6, 2.4, 3.2 mm
MIG Diameters 0.9, 1.2, 1.6 mm

AWS Classification Explained: What Does ER2594 Mean?

The following table indicates the AWS A5.9 category for ER 2594 and how it makes this wire effective in super duplex mode.
Component Meaning & Specification Key Benefit
ER Electrode/Rod: Bare solid wire per AWS A5. 9. Suitable for high-precision TIG, MIG, and SAW welding processes.
25 25% chromium-base alloy content. Provides the primary oxidation and corrosion resistance for extreme environments.
9 9% Nickel: Targeted nickel content. Balances the microstructure to ensure a 50/50 ratio of austenite and ferrite.
4 4% Molybdenum: High molybdenum addition. Significantly increases resistance to localized pitting and crevice corrosion.
ER2594 features 25% Cr, 9.5% Ni, 4% Mo, and 1% W, enriched with 0.20-0.30% nitrogen to achieve a PREN > 40. This high-strength filler offers exceptional pitting resistance, guaranteeing metallurgical compatibility with super-duplex base metals when conventional alloys are inadequate.

Chemical Composition of ER2594 Weld Deposit (%)

Refer to the following table for the standard chemical composition and elemental weight percentages of the ER2594 all-weld metal deposit.
Material / Element Carbon (C) Chromium (Cr) Nickel (Ni) Molybdenum (Mo) Nitrogen (N) Tungsten (W) Copper (Cu) Manganese (Mn) Silicon (Si) Phosphorus (P) Sulphur (S) Iron (Fe)
AWS A5.9 Range 0.03% max 24.0-27.0% 8.0-10.5% 2.5-4.5% 0.20-0.30% 1.0% max 1.5% max 2.5% max 1.0% max 0.03% max 0.02% max Remainder
The conventional chemical ranges for ER2594, including 24.0–27.0% chromium, 2.5–4.5% molybdenum, and 0.20–0.30% nitrogen, yield a PREN value of ~43.9. This score far exceeds the 40-point extreme environment criterion.

All-Weld-Metal Mechanical Properties of ER2594

Consult the following table for the mechanical property values of ER2594 all-weld metal, including tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation.
Property Tensile Strength Yield Strength Elongation
Ultimate Range 758 – 850 MPa (110,000 – 123,000 psi) 650 MPa (94,000 psi) Minimum 15% Minimum

Base Metal Compatibility for ER2594

Refer to the matrix below to determine ER2594 base metal compatibility and matching super duplex grades for optimal metallurgical bonding.
Base Metal UNS P-Number Group Notes
Super Duplex 2507 S32750 P-10H 1 Primary application
Zeron 100 S32760 P-10H 1 Metrode/Rolled Alloys grade
Ferralium 255 S32550 P-10H 1 Langley Alloys grade
DP-3 S31260 P-10H 1
ASTM A890 castings Various Super duplex casting alloys
For dissimilar joints, ER2594 welds super duplex to carbon steel, standard duplex 2205, and austenitic stainless grades. It can also over-match ER2209 on 2205 in warm seawater service above 40°C.

Recommended Welding Parameters for ER2594 TIG & MIG Wire

To maintain arc stability and penetration, the following table lists ER2594 TIG and MIG wire welding parameters and technical settings.
Process Diameter Amps (A) Volts (V) Shielding Gas
GTAW 1.6 mm 80-120 10-14 100% Ar (99.995%)
GTAW 2.4 mm 110-160 12-16 100% Ar
GTAW 3.2 mm 140-200 13-18 100% Ar
GMAW (short arc) 0.9 mm 80-130 17-21 Ar + 2% O2
GMAW (spray) 1.2 mm 170-250 27-32 Ar + 2% O2
Root back purge with Ar + 2-5% N2 is mandatory; pure argon purge is prohibited for super duplex root welds because nitrogen loss causes excess ferrite and drops PREN below 40. Stringer beads are preferred. Ferrite measurement, ASTM G48 pitting test at 40-50°C, and Charpy impact at -46°C are mandatory for WPS qualification.
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Industrial Welding Applications of ER2594 Super Duplex Filler Wire

The following are the industrial applications of ER2594 Super Duplex Filler Wire:
Industrial Applications

Available Forms, Diameters, and Packaging of ER2594 Filler Wire

Review the data below for available forms, standard diameters, and packaging options for ER2594 filler wire to suit your specific production and delivery requirements.
Form Diameters Packaging
TIG Rod 1.6, 2.4, 3.2 mm 5 kg tubes, 1000 mm lengths
MIG Spool 0.9, 1.2, 1.6 mm D200 (12.5 kg), D300 (15 kg)
SAW Wire 2.4, 3.2, 4.0 mm 25 kg coils

How to Order ER2594 Welding Wire from Nicorex Alloys

To place an order for the ER2594 Welding Wire, please provide the following 10 details:

Frequently Asked Questions

Can ER2594 Be Used to Over-Match Standard Duplex 2205?

Yes. ER2594 can weld standard duplex 2205 when maximum corrosion resistance is needed, such as warm seawater above 40°C, where ER2209 (PREN ~36) may fall short. However, ER2594 costs more and demands tighter process controls.

Super duplex wire has more chromium (25% vs 22%) and molybdenum (4% vs 3%), making the weld more susceptible to sigma and chi phase precipitation between 600-900 °C. ER2594’s 0.5-1.5 kJ/mm limit prevents intermetallic phases and allows austenite production.

Super duplex WPS qualification per NORSOK M-601 typically requires: tensile test (min 800 MPa), guided bend test, Charpy impact at -46°C (min 27 J average), ferrite measurement (35-55% by ASTM E562), metallographic examination for sigma/chi phase, ASTM G48 Method A pitting test at 40-50°C, and hardness survey.
ASME Section IX (SFA-5.9) classifies ER2594 as F-6 and A-8.
Do not use ER2594 for standard duplex 2205, where ER2209 provides adequate resistance. Do not use above 280°C continuous service due to embrittlement risk. Never use pure argon back purge on super duplex root welds. Do not exceed 1.5 kJ/mm heat input.
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