AWS Class E9018-B3 Welding Electrodes

E9018-B3 Welding Electrode Supplier in Mumbai, India

Nicorex Alloys, an ISO 9001 and ISO 14001 certified supplier and stockist based in Mumbai, supplies E9018-B3 welding electrodes across all standard diameters from ready warehouse stock. We provide these electrodes according to the AWS A5.5 and ASME SFA 5.5standards, to assure product quality.

E9018-B3 is a low-hydrogen, iron-powder, basic-coated SMAW electrode classified under AWS A5.5 and ASME SFA 5.5. Also referred to as 9018-B3 welding rod, 2.25Cr-1Mo electrode or chrome-moly electrode, it deposits weld metal containing Cr 2.00-2.50%, Mo 0.90-1.20%, and C 0.05-0.12%. 2.25Cr-1Mo weld deposits made with this electrode sustain continuous creep service at temperatures up to 575°C. After PWHT at 690°C for 1 hour, the all-weld-metal delivers UTS ≥620 MPa (90 ksi), YS ≥530 MPa (77 ksi), elongation ≥17%, and Charpy impact of 70 J at 20°C. Creep rupture strength reaches 12 kgf/mm² at 550°C (1% offset in 10,000 hours).

Available diameters range from 2.5 mm to 6.3 mm, with electrode lengths between 350 mm and 450 mm. Polarity is DCEP or AC (minimum 70 V OCV), with all-position welding except vertical-down. E9018-B3 joins ASME P-5A Group 1 base metals including A335 P22, A213 T22, A387 Gr.22 and A217 WC9, plus dissimilar joints to P-4 and P-1 steels. Compliance covers AWS A5.5, ASME SFA 5.5, EN ISO 3580-A (E CrMo2 B 4 2 H5), and JIS Z3223 DT2418. Thermal power, oil refining, petrochemical and fertiliser are a few industries that use this welding rod.

AWS Class E9018-B3 Welding Electrodes

E9018 B3 Welding Rod Specifications & Technical Data

The technical parameters below apply to the E9018-B3 welding rod manufactured and tested in accordance with AWS A5.5:
AWS Classification E9018-B3
ASME SFA Specification SFA 5.5
UNS Number W53018
Welding Process SMAW (Shielded Metal Arc Welding / Stick)
Electrode Coating Type Basic (low-hydrogen), potassium with iron powder
Polarity / Current DCEP or AC (min 70 V OCV for AC)
Welding Positions All positions except vertical-down
Available Diameters (mm) 2.5, 3.15, 4.0, 5.0, 6.3
Electrode Lengths 350 mm (2.5–4.0 mm) / 450 mm (5.0–6.3 mm)

Understanding the AWS E9018 B3 Electrode Designation

The AWS A5.5 classification “E9018-B3” breaks down the electrode’s key characteristics in order:
Designator Technical Meaning
E Electrode (consumable for SMAW process)
90 Minimum tensile strength: 90,000 psi (620 MPa)
1 All-position welding: flat, horizontal, vertical-up, overhead
8 Low-hydrogen potassium coating with iron powder; AC and DCEP
B3 Alloy suffix: 2.25% Chromium, 1% Molybdenum weld deposit
Three coating variants exist for B3: E9015-B3 (sodium silicate, DCEP only, preferred for pipe root passes), E9016-B3 (potassium silicate, AC/DCEP), and E9018-B3 (potassium + iron powder, AC/DCEP, highest deposition at ~115-120%). The H4R suffix indicates ≤4 ml/100g diffusible hydrogen with moisture-resistance testing. A “B3L” variant limits carbon to 0.05% max for improved ductility at the cost of creep strength. ASME SFA 5.5 carries identical requirements.

Chemical Composition of E9018-B3 Weld Deposit (%)

Weld deposit chemistry of E9018-B3 per AWS A5.5, representing all-weld-metal analysis (not core wire or base metal composition):
Element Carbon (C) Manganese (Mn) Silicon (Si) Chromium (Cr) Molybdenum (Mo) Phosphorus (P) Sulfur (S)
AWS A5.5 Range 0.05–0.12% 0.90% max 0.80% max 2.00–2.50% 0.90–1.20% 0.03% max 0.03% max
Actual deposit chemistry varies with welding parameters, arc length, and dilution from the base metal. The B3L variant (E9018-B3L) restricts carbon to 0.05% max for lower hardness, but this reduces high-temperature creep strength.

Mechanical Properties of E9018-B3 All-Weld-Metal

All-weld-metal mechanical properties of E9018-B3, tested per AWS A5.5 after PWHT at 690°C (1274°F) for 1 hour:
Property Tensile Strength (UTS) Yield Strength (0.2%) Elongation (L = 5d) CVN Impact at 20°C Creep Rupture, 550°C (10,000 hrs) Creep Rupture, 575°C (10,000 hrs)
AWS A5.5 Minimum ≥620 MPa (90 ksi) ≥530 MPa (77 ksi) ≥17% Not required by AWS — —
Creep rupture strength is the key differentiator for high-temperature service selection. Properties vary with PWHT cycle, electrode diameter, and welding parameters.

Base Metal Compatibility & P-Number Matrix for E9018-B3

E9018-B3 is the standard SMAW filler for ASME P-5A Group 1 base metals (2.25Cr-1Mo). Per ASME Section IX QW-424, qualification on P-5A covers dissimilar joints to P-4, P-3, and P-1.
Similar Metal Joints (P-5A Group 1):
ASME P-No. ASTM Grades Product Forms
P-5A Group 1 A335 P22 Seamless pipe
P-5A Group 1 A213 T22 Boiler/superheater tube
P-5A Group 1 A182 F22, A336 F22 Forged fittings, flanges, heavy forgings
P-5A Group 1 A387 Gr.22 Cl.1/2 Pressure vessel plate
P-5A Group 1 A217 WC9 Castings
P-5A Group 1 A369 FP22, A426 CP22 Forged/centrifugally cast pipe
Dissimilar Metal Joints:
Joint Combination Recommended Filler Notes
P-5A to P-4 (P22 to P11/P12) E9018-B3 Matches the higher-alloy side
P-5A to P-3 (P22 to 0.5Cr-0.5Mo) E9018-B3 Overmatches the lower-alloy side
P-5A to P-1 (P22 to carbon steel) E9018-B3 Prevents carbon migration at the weld interface

E9018-B3 is better than E7018 for P22 to carbon steel dissimilar joints because it matches the higher-alloy side and stops carbon from moving at the weld interface during PWHT.

Recommended Welding Parameters for E9018-B3

Welding parameters for E9018-B3 electrodes on DCEP or AC polarity:
Diameter (mm) Diameter (in) Length (mm) Current Range (A) Optimum (A)
2.5 3/32″ 350 60–100 ~80
3.15 1/8″ 350 90–160 ~135
4.0 5/32″ 350–450 130–220 ~170
5.0 3/16″ 450 190–300 ~250
6.3 1/4″ 450 260–320 ~290

For vertical-up and overhead welding, reduce current by about 15%, keep a short arc, and use stringer beads. Avoid weaving to limit dilution. Preheat to 150–250°C based on thickness, and keep interpass temperature between 150–300°C maximum.

PWHT: Heat to 690°C ± 15°C for at least 1 hour per inch of thickness. After PWHT, ensure hardness meets the required code limits for P-5A Group 1 materials.

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Industrial Welding Applications of E9018-B3 Electrode

E9018-B3 serves four key sectors where 2.25Cr-1Mo weld deposits must handle creep, hydrogen attack resistance and high-pressure service above 450°C: thermal power, petroleum refining, petrochemical/fertiliser processing and pressure vessel fabrication.
Industrial Applications

Storage, Handling & Re-Drying Procedures for E9018-B3

E9018-B3 deposits a martensitic 2.25Cr-1Mo weld metal that is highly susceptible to hydrogen-induced cracking. Proper electrode storage is critical.

Store unopened containers in a dry, temperature-controlled environment off the floor. After opening, transfer electrodes to a holding oven at 110-175°C (230-350°F). 

Maximum re-drying cycles is typically 3 (project specifications may limit to 2). Per AWS D1.1, E90xx class electrodes must not be exposed to ambient air for more than 4 hours unless an H4R designation applies. Vacuum-sealed packaging allows direct use from the tin for up to 8 hours.

How to Order E9018-B3 Electrodes from Nicorex Alloys

Submit the following details when requesting a quotation for E9018-B3 electrodes:
Complete 2.25Cr-1Mo consumable sets (E9018-B3 + ER90S-B3 TIG rod + SAW wire/flux) keep weld deposit chemistry consistent across all welding processes.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can E9018-B3 Electrode Weld P11 (1.25Cr-0.5Mo) to P22 (2.25Cr-1Mo) dissimilar joints?
Yes. E9018-B3 is the standard choice because its 2.25Cr-1Mo deposit matches the higher-alloy side. Per ASME Section IX QW-424, qualification on P-5A to P-4 covers this combination. PWHT at 690°C satisfies both base metals. Using E8018-B2 (1.25Cr-0.5Mo) for this joint would under-alloy the P22 side, risking carbon migration.
E9018-B3 can weld ASME P-5A Group 1 steels (like P22, T22, F22, Gr.22, WC9, FP22, A426 CP22). It also welds dissimilar joints to P-4 (P11/P12), P-3, and P-1 (carbon steel) base metals.
Basic coating limits hydrogen to ≤5 ml/100g (≤4 ml H4R), proper preheat and PWHT prevent hydrogen-induced cold cracking in thick P22 welds.

Yes, the recommended range for P22 base metal is 150-250°C, depending on wall thickness and carbon equivalent. Apply 200–250°C for sections above 25 mm. Do not allow the weldment to cool below 150°C between passes.

E9018-B3 welds in all positions except vertical-down (PG / 3G downhill). Flat, horizontal, vertical-up, and overhead are all permitted. For 5.0 mm and above, flat and horizontal only are recommended due to higher current and heavier slag.

Do not weld P91 (9Cr-1Mo-V-Nb) with E9018-B3. It produces a severely under-alloyed deposit lacking V, Nb and N, harming creep performance. Use E9015-B9 or E9018-B91. For continuous service above 575°C, specify E8018-B6 or E8018-B8. Never omit PWHT. Do not weld vertical-down.

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